BritishStandardBs1363ChromeFilm noir Wikipedia. Film noir French pronunciation film nwa is a cinematic term used primarily to describe stylish Hollywoodcrime dramas, particularly such that emphasize cynical attitudes and sexual motivations. Hollywoods classical film noir period is generally regarded as extending from the early 1. Film noir of this era is associated with a low key, black and white visual style that has roots in German Expressionistcinematography. Many of the prototypical stories and much of the attitude of classic noir derive from the hardboiled school of crime fiction that emerged in the United States during the Great Depression. SecurityStudy. The term film noir, French for black film literal or dark film closer meaning,2 first applied to Hollywood films by French critic Nino Frank in 1. Arcgis Desktop 9.2 Crack. American film industry professionals of that era. Cinema historians and critics defined the category retrospectively. 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Film noir encompasses a range of plots the central figure may be a private investigator The Big Sleep, a plainclothes policeman The Big Heat, an aging boxer The Set Up, a hapless grifter Night and the City, a law abiding citizen lured into a life of crime Gun Crazy, or simply a victim of circumstance D. O. A. Although film noir was originally associated with American productions, films now so described have been made around the world. Many pictures released from the 1. Some refer to such latter day works as neo noir. The clichs of film noir have inspired parody since the mid 1. Problems of definitioneditThe questions of what defines film noir, and what sort of category it is, provoke continuing debate. Wed be oversimplifying things in calling film noir oneiric, strange, erotic, ambivalent, and cruel this set of attributes constitutes the first of many attempts to define film noir made by French critics Raymond Borde and tienne Chaumeton in their 1. Panorama du film noir amricain 1. A Panorama of American Film Noir, the original and seminal extended treatment of the subject. They emphasize that not every film noir embodies all five attributes in equal measureone might be more dreamlike another, particularly brutal. The authors caveats and repeated efforts at alternative definition have been echoed in subsequent scholarship in the more than five decades since, there have been innumerable further attempts at definition, yet in the words of cinema historian Mark Bould, film noir remains an elusive phenomenon  always just out of reach. Film analyst Eddie Muller writes, If a private eye is hired by an old geezer to prove his wifes cheating on him and the shamus discovers long buried family secrets and solves a couple of murders before returning to his lonely office thats detective fiction. If the same private eye gets seduced by the geezers wife, kills the old coot for her, gets double crossed by his lover and ends up shot to death by his old partner from the police force I can say with complete assurance you are wallowing in NOIR. Though film noir is often identified with a visual style, unconventional within a Hollywood context, that emphasizes low key lighting and unbalanced compositions,9 films commonly identified as noir evidence a variety of visual approaches, including ones that fit comfortably within the Hollywood mainstream. Film noir similarly embraces a variety of genres, from the gangster film to the police procedural to the gothic romance to the social problem pictureany example of which from the 1. While many critics refer to film noir as a genre itself, others argue that it can be no such thing. While noir is often associated with an urban setting, many classic noirs take place in small towns, suburbia, rural areas, or on the open road setting, therefore, cannot be its genre determinant, as with the Western. Similarly, while the private eye and the femme fatale are character types conventionally identified with noir, the majority of film noirs feature neither so there is no character basis for genre designation as with the gangster film. Nor does film noir rely on anything as evident as the monstrous or supernatural elements of the horror film, the speculative leaps of the science fiction film, or the song and dance routines of the musical. An analogous case is that of the screwball comedy, widely accepted by film historians as constituting a genre the screwball is defined not by a fundamental attribute, but by a general disposition and a group of elements, somebut rarely and perhaps never allof which are found in each of the genres films. Because of the diversity of noir much greater than that of the screwball comedy, certain scholars in the field, such as film historian Thomas Schatz, treat it as not a genre but a style. Intel Hdmi Driver For Windows 7 64 Bit on this page. Alain Silver, the most widely published American critic specializing in film noir studies, refers to film noir as a cycle1. Other critics treat film noir as a mood,1. There is no consensus on the matter. BackgroundeditCinematic sourceseditThe aesthetics of film noir are influenced by German Expressionism, an artistic movement of the 1. The opportunities offered by the booming Hollywood film industry and then the threat of Nazism, led to the emigration of many film artists working in Germany who had been involved in the Expressionist movement or studied with its practitioners. M Fritz Lang 1. 93. Germany, is among the first crime films of the sound era to join a characteristically noirish visual style with a noir type plot, in which the protagonist is a criminal as are his most successful pursuers. Directors such as Lang, Robert Siodmak and Michael Curtiz brought a dramatically shadowed lighting style and a psychologically expressive approach to visual composition mise en scne, with them to Hollywood, where they made some of the most famous classic noirs. By 1. 93. 1, Curtiz had already been in Hollywood for half a decade, making as many as six films a year. Movies of his such as 2. Years in Sing Sing 1. Private Detective 6. Hollywood sound films arguably classifiable as noirscholar Marc Vernet offers the latter as evidence that dating the initiation of film noir to 1. Expressionism orientated filmmakers had free stylistic rein in Universal horror pictures such as Dracula 1. The Mummy 1. 93. Berlin trained Karl Freundand The Black Cat 1. Austrian migr Edgar G. Ulmer. 2. 6 The Universal horror film that comes closest to noir, in story and sensibility is The Invisible Man 1. Englishman James Whale and photographed by American Arthur Edeson. Edeson later photographed The Maltese Falcon 1. Josef von Sternberg was directing in Hollywood at the same time. Films of his such as Shanghai Express 1. The Devil Is a Woman 1. The commercial and critical success of Sternbergs silent Underworld 1. Hollywood gangster films. Successful films in that genre such as Little Caesar 1. The Public Enemy 1. Scarface 1. 93. 2 demonstrated that there was an audience for crime dramas with morally reprehensible protagonists. An important, possibly influential, cinematic antecedent to classic noir was 1. French poetic realism, with its romantic, fatalistic attitude and celebration of doomed heroes. The movements sensibility is mirrored in the Warner Bros. I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang 1. 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